Space, in brief

NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope is set to launch on Sunday at 7:27 a.m. Eastern time. A SpaceX Falcon Heavy carries it from Kennedy Space Center in Florida. [3][5][6]

It carries a 2.4-metre mirror, the same width as Hubble's. A different curve lets it see about 100 times as much sky at once. [1][2][10]

The mirror was a gift. A US spy agency, the National Reconnaissance Office, had built it for a satellite meant to look down at Earth. [1][2]

Most of the first five years goes on three sweeps of the sky: exploding stars, a billion galaxies, and planets. [1] Its project scientist says the survey data would fill a 4K screen the size of dozens of city blocks. [11]

The galaxy work is aimed at dark matter and dark energy, which together make up about 95% of the universe. [8]

Two ways of measuring how fast the universe is stretching have disagreed for decades, and nobody has reconciled them. [9]

The instrument astronomers talk about most is the one that cannot finish the job it points at. It is a coronagraph: a mask held over a star so the far fainter planets beside it reach the detector. [1][2]

A planet is millions to billions of times fainter than its star, so a bigger mirror or a longer look brightens the glare just as much. [2]

Two bendable mirrors, each pushed by 2,304 tiny pistons, reshape to cancel the starlight that leaks past the mask, to better than 10 nanometres. [2]

Europe supplied the coronagraph's detectors, along with Roman's star trackers and batteries. [7]

Even so, the coronagraph cannot photograph another Earth. NASA flies it as a deliberate practice run for a telescope it plans decades from now, and cost-cutting already scaled it back once. [1][2]

Roman itself nearly died last year. A leaked White House budget for 2026 proposed halving NASA science and funded no telescopes beyond Hubble and Webb, with the spacecraft, in one engineer's words, 95% there. [3]

Why it matters. The thing to watch is whether the coronagraph photographs reflected light from a mature planet once Roman reaches L2. That single result is the argument for the telescope NASA plans to follow it with. [1][2]

President Trump signed an executive order on Friday to begin creating a US Space Academy, modelled on West Point and the other service academies. He signed it at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston. [13][14]

Why it matters. It is a training pipeline aimed at a shortage the industry says it already has.

Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch and Canada's Jeremy Hansen received the Congressional Space Medal of Honor from Trump on 28 August, the first recipients since 2023. [15][16][17]

Why it matters. The same week's budget history shows how differently a finished mission and an unfinished one get treated.

China's space agency said the Moon south-pole mission does not meet the conditions to launch this year, and moved it to 2027. Reporting attributes the original 23 August scrub to Typhoon Narra. [18][19][20]

Why it matters. No spacecraft has landed in that region, and both China and NASA want a crewed base there.

SpaceX says it will retire the Falcon 9 once Starship flies reliably. Falcon 9 flew 165 missions in 2025; Starship has made 13 test flights and has not yet reached orbit. [21]

Why it matters. The replacement has to work before the workhorse that pays for it can stop.

SpaceX announced Starbase, Louisiana, a site dedicated to Starship that Elon Musk called the biggest launch site on Earth. [22]

Why it matters. Separating Starship from the Falcon pads lets one scale up without slowing the other.

SpaceX towed the upper stage from Starship's 13th test flight to Christmas Island, about 1,900 km northwest of Broome. Engineers took heat-shield samples there before loading it onto a semi-submersible ship. [23]

Why it matters. Engineers wanted the heat shield back, and a floating wreck is cheaper evidence than another flight.

An Ariane 62 lifted off from Kourou on 27 August and released the MTG-I2 weather satellite 36 minutes later. It was the rocket's first mission to geostationary transfer orbit. [24][25]

Why it matters. Europe's new rocket has now shown it can reach the orbit its commercial customers buy.

A government audit found the US Space Force spent nearly $124 million through its commercial data marketplace in under three years. One cell in Colorado Springs accounted for $76.8 million of it. [26]

Why it matters. The auditors also found unclear data rights are putting officers off using what they bought.

LeoLabs won a $20.68 million Space Force agreement for a transportable version of its Scout radar, for a defence mission beyond its usual job of tracking satellites and debris. [27]

Why it matters. A radar you can drive somewhere is a different asset from one bolted to a hillside.

NorthStar Earth and Space will put 11 optical tracking sensors on Kepler Communications relay satellites in 2028, after its own first four orbital-tracking spacecraft failed. [28]

Why it matters. Losing your own fleet does not have to end the business if you can borrow someone else's.

The Pentagon awarded SpaceX a fleet-level Starshield service order for military aircraft, promising at least 500 megabits per second down and 100 up, running through July 2027. [29]

Why it matters. It puts one company's network inside routine US military flying.

Two Golden Dome live-fire exercises over the past eight months used industry sensors and software that were not part of any existing Pentagon programme, the deputy programme head said. [30]

Why it matters. The missile-defence effort is buying speed by asking contractors to carry the development risk.

Rocket-engine maker Ursa Major agreed a merger with a listed shell company that values it at about $2.3 billion and brings at least $350 million in committed money. [31]

Why it matters. Propulsion has become a defence business, and defence money is what is paying for the expansion.

About 25% of the space workforce is close to retirement age and only 7% is under 25, the Space Foundation's chief executive told a conference in Utah. [32]

Why it matters. Security clearances take years, so the gap cannot be closed by hiring fast.

Satellite builders at the Small Satellite Conference had money and hardware but were uneasy about rides. A French broker announced capacity on up to six MaiaSpace flights from 2028. [33]

Why it matters. The satellites are ready years before the rockets meant to carry them.

Ottawa has put major funding behind Telesat's Lightspeed constellation, which does not yet exist and is promised for early 2028. Starlink already has roughly 10,876 active satellites. [34]

Why it matters. A sovereignty argument is paying for a network that will ride to orbit on American rockets.

SpaceX has absorbed xAI in an all-stock deal valuing the combined business at $1.25 trillion, and applied to operate up to one million orbital data-centre satellites. [35]

Why it matters. Cheap launch opened the layers above it, and the launch company is taking those layers itself.

Shanghai has started work on the Linzang Road wharf, meant to link a planned commercial rocket factory to sea-launch operations. China already runs a sea-launch hub at Haiyang. [36]

Why it matters. Building the boat ramp is how a rocket city commits to launching from water.

NASA's Curiosity rover marked one kilometre of elevation gain on 26 August, twelve years into climbing the 5-kilometre Mount Sharp. It sent back a 323-image panorama looking back down. [37][38]

Why it matters. Each layer of the mountain is a different chapter of Mars's water history.

NASA Langley began the most complex plume-surface test yet run in a vacuum chamber, firing a 100-pound-thrust ethane system at lunar soil simulant. The rig can be reset for Mars. [39]

Why it matters. A lander's own exhaust throws debris at the lander, and nobody has measured it properly at scale.

An MIT team took first prize in both tracks of NASA's $3 million LunaRecycle Challenge, with a machine that grinds mixed trash into powder for 3D-printing filament and moulded parts. [40]

Why it matters. Anything you can remake on the Moon is mass you never have to launch.

NASA's Pandora satellite has begun studying at least 20 exoplanet atmospheres. Its near-infrared detector is a spare originally built for the James Webb Space Telescope. [12]

Why it matters. The same pattern as Roman's coronagraph: a small mission flying on a big one's leftovers.

Astronomers used Webb to study 72 young sun-like stars and watched the gas disappear from their planet-forming disks. Once the gas is gone, gas-rich planets can no longer form. [41]

Why it matters. It sets a deadline that any theory of how planets form has to fit inside.

Astronomers found HD 176071 b, a water-rich planet 335 light-years away, orbiting so close that tides are dragging it towards being swallowed by its star. [42]

Why it matters. The techniques used are a boost for finding worlds that never pass in front of their star.

A team led by Ignacio Trujillo found nothing at all where about a million suns' worth of gas should sit. He called the emptiness of the image the most compelling result available. [43]

Why it matters. A confirmed starless galaxy would be a place where gas never lit.

David Hendel, a former astronomer who now works in finance, spotted a faint ribbon of stars in an old Hubble image while commuting. It is a globular cluster being pulled apart by a dwarf galaxy. [44]

Why it matters. It would be the first such stream found outside the Milky Way, and streams are one of the few ways to weigh dark matter.

NASA released a gallery of 16 galaxies combining Chandra X-ray data with Webb, Hubble, IXPE, Swift and NuSTAR images, spanning spirals, ellipticals and irregulars. [45]

Why it matters. Comparing shapes across types is how astronomers place the Milky Way in its own family.

Kongsberg will double Norway's Arvaker maritime surveillance constellation early next year by adding three satellites to the three launched in 2025 on a Falcon 9. [46]

Why it matters. Watching shipping from orbit has become a standing military requirement, not a trial.

Lux Aeterna is pitching the Pentagon on satellites that return from orbit for maintenance and fly again. Its first mission will not demonstrate repeated reuse. [47]

Why it matters. It is a third option between long-lived expensive satellites and cheap disposable ones.

Polish startup Ares Shield was hired to protect satellites for Lonestar Data Holdings with a bolt-on module of sensors and a high-power microwave emitter, from 2028 or 2029. [48]

Why it matters. Putting computing in orbit creates something worth attacking there.

The Aerospace Corporation's flat Disksat is preparing to fire electric thrusters and drop below 350 km. Neumann Space has licensed the design and is fitting its own propulsion. [49]

Why it matters. Flat stacking is what lets a single rocket carry satellites by the dozen.

Beyond Reach Labs unveiled Flarewing, a deployable solar array designed around the fact that height, not width, limits how many satellites fit inside one rocket fairing. [50]

Why it matters. The constraint on a satellite fleet is increasingly the shape of the box it ships in.

Varda Space Industries landed its sixth capsule in the Australian outback in May. The company has seven flights booked for 2027 and ten more for 2028, aiming to make drugs in orbit. [51]

Why it matters. Repeating a return often enough is what turns a demonstration into a factory.

Anil Menon and Sophie Adenot spent six and a half hours outside the space station replacing a failed high-speed antenna on the Z1 truss and wiring it in. Another spacewalk is due next week. [52][53]

Why it matters. The station's data link home is a repair job, not a permanent fixture.

The crew of NASA's planned Artemis IV mission will have no more than 32 hours in total to walk on the lunar surface, scientists working on the mission said. [54]

Why it matters. Decades of scientific wish-list has to fit into a day and a half of boots on the ground.

Webb observations show the super-Earth 55 Cancri e holds a thick atmosphere despite orbiting close enough to be a magma ocean, which cuts against the cosmic shoreline idea. [55]

Why it matters. The rule for which planets keep their air is the rule for where to look for life.

NASA's Perseverance rover used its Mastcam-Z camera to capture Phobos silhouetted against the Sun on 12 August, the mission's 1,948th Martian day. [56][57]

Why it matters. Timing these transits precisely is how the tiny moon's slow spiral inward gets measured.